ABC Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ABC Company - Research Paper Example Completion Income charge payable (10,000) (30,000) Net income from working exercises (164,000) Analysis of ABC Co.’s Cash Flow A company’s working income demonstrates the income produced from working together over a predefined period less the working costs (Howell and Bain, 2008). This is a significant procedure since it enables an organization to decide if the business has a solid budgetary situation between the one given on paper and the one that is relevant by and by. From the aftereffects of ABC’s working income, the organization is encountering a negative income. In spite of the fact that this is typical once in a while, it is as yet a reason to get excited to the organization the executives. The circumstance demonstrates that the organization is going through more cash than it is getting. This is a typical marvel with new organizations, in any case, the circumstance is perilous if constant as time goes on (Lerner, 1995). There are a few explanations behind a negative income yet the fundamental driver incorporate poor obligation assortment, high working expenses, and awful business choices. On account of ABC Company, there are three likely purposes behind the negative income. These are significant expenses of merchandise sold which for the most part comprises of buys. The other explanation is poor obligation assortment, the company’s accounts proclamation demonstrates that the net records receivable were still exceptionally high with a little edge having been gathered contrasted with the past period’s accounts. The third explanation is the idea of the organization, with a 25% development in deals it implies the organization is a quickly developing organization, which results into huge increment in the company’s working capital. To improve the income circumstance at ABC, the organization needs to diminish its spending and increment its business (Laughlin, Bebbington, and Gray, 2001)However, the best choice in... ABC Company Other than confronting rivalry from different organizations that manage cedar in making material and siding shingles, ABC additionally faces rivalry from items made of iron and earth, which are working in a similar market. In any case, cedar items have a higher upper hand over comparative items in the market made of iron or mud. The primary weakness of cedar material and siding items is the connected value, which may prompt potential purchasers settling for less expensive iron items. ABC Company is in this way liable to keep up its development with negligible deviation either downwards or upwards. These deviations might be a direct result of the unforgiving monetary occasions compelling numerous mortgage holders to incline toward less expensive iron items or mud items for their material and siding. Natural preservation developments are additionally influencing the business contrarily (Sparrow Exteriors, 2013). These preservation strategies are thus making the expense of crude materia ls for cedar material tiles to be increasingly costly. Reveling into another undertaking, for example, constructing the dollhouse could be a reasonable answer for the organization to meet its objective of $3 million in the following three years. Being the company’s controller, my goal is to make a severe financial plan and evaluate all the representatives towards the undertaking with the goal that I can guarantee everything goes as indicated by the set spending limits. The CEO ought to attempt the new undertaking. After cautiously thought of its overall revenue and the costs in question, the task is probably going to enable the organization to meet its objective.

Google Company Team Essay

Supervisory crew Larry Page and Sergey Brin established Google in September 1998. From that point forward, the organization has developed to in excess of 30,000 workers around the world, with a supervisory crew that speaks to the absolute most experienced innovation experts in the business. Official Officers Larry Page CEO As Google’s CEO, Larry is liable for Google’s everyday activities, just as driving the company’s item advancement and innovation methodology. He helped to establish Google with Sergey Brin in 1998 while seeking after a Ph.D. at Stanford University, and was the principal CEO until 2001â€growing the organization to in excess of 200 workers and productivity. From 2001 to 2011, Larry was leader of items. Larry holds a bachelor’s certificate in designing from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor and a master’s qualification in software engineering from Stanford University. He is an individual from the National Advisory Committee (NAC) of the University of Michigan College of Engineering, and along with fellow benefactor Sergey Brin, Larry was respected with the Marconi Prize in 2004. He is a trustee on the leading body of the X PRIZE, and was chosen for the National Academy of Engineering in 2004. Eric E. Schmidt Executive Chairman Since joining Google in 2001, Eric Schmidt has developed the organization from a Silicon Valley startup to a worldwide pioneer in innovation. As official executive, he is liable for the outside issues of Google: building organizations and more extensive business connections, government effort and innovation thought authority, just as exhorting the CEO and senior administration on business and arrangement issues. From 2001-2011, Eric filled in as Google’s CEO, regulating the company’s specialized and business procedure nearby organizers Sergey Brin and Larry Page. Under his administration, Google significantly scaled its foundation and expanded its item contributions while keeping up a solid culture of development. Preceding joining Google, Eric was the director and CEO of Novell and boss innovation official at Sun Microsystems, Inc. Beforehand, he served on the exploration staff at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), Bell Laboratories and Zilog. He holds a bachelor’s certificate in electrical designing from Princeton University just as a master’s qualification and Ph.D. in software engineering from the University of California, Berkeley. Eric is an individual from the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology and the Prime Minister’s Advisory Council in the U.K. He was chosen for the National Academy of Engineering in 2006 and accepted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences as an individual in 2007. He additionally seats the leading group of the New America Foundation, and since 2008 has been a trustee of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. Sergey Brin Co-Founder Sergey Brin helped to establish Google Inc. in 1998. Today, he coordinates extraordinary activities. From 2001 to 2011, Sergey filled in as leader of innovation, where he shared duty regarding the company’s everyday activities with Larry Page and Eric Schmidt. Sergey got a bachelor’s qualification with distinction in arithmetic and software engineering from the University of Maryland at College Park. He is right now on leave from the Ph.D. program in software engineering at Stanford University, where he got his master’s certificate. Sergey is an individual from the National Academy of Engineering and a beneficiary of a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship. He has distributed in excess of twelve scholastic papers, including Extracting Patterns and Relations from the World Wide Web; Dynamic Data Mining: A New Architecture for Data with High Dimensionality, which he distributed with Larry Page; Scalable Techniques for Mining Casual Structures; Dynamic Itemset Counting and Implication Rules for Market Basket Data; and Beyond Market Baskets: Generalizing Association Rules to Correlations. Nikesh Arora Senior Vice President and Chief Business Officer Nikesh manages all income and client activities, just as advertising and organizations. Since joining Google in 2004, he has held a few situations with the organization. Most as of late, he drove Google’s worldwide direct deals tasks. He likewise created and dealt with the company’s activities in the European, Middle Eastern and African markets and was answerable for making and extending key associations in those locales to help Google’s developing number of clients and sponsors. Before joining Google, he was head advertising official and an individual from theâ management board at T-Mobile Europe. While there, he initiated all item advancement, terminals, brand and advertising exercises of T-Mobile Europe. In 1999, he began working with Deutsche Telekom and established T-Motion PLC, a portable sight and sound auxiliary of T-Mobile International. Preceding joining Deutsche Telekom, Nikesh held administration positions at Putnam Investments and Fidelity Investments in Boston. Nikesh holds a master’s certificate from Boston College and a MBA from Northeastern University, the two of which were granted with unique excellence. He additionally holds the CFA assignment. In 1989, Nikesh moved on from the Institute of Technology in Varanasi, India with a bachelor’s certificate in electrical building. David C. Drummond Senior Vice President, Corporate Development and Chief Legal Officer David Drummond joined Google in 2002, at first as VP of corporate turn of events. Today as senior VP and boss lawful official, he drives Google’s worldwide groups for lawful, government relations, corporate turn of events (M&A and venture ventures) and new business advancement (vital associations and authorizing openings). David was first acquainted with Google in 1998 as an accomplice in the corporate exchanges bunch at Wilson Sonsini Goodrich and Rosati, one of the nation’s driving law offices speaking to innovation organizations. He filled in as Google’s first outside advice and worked with Larry Page and Sergey Brin to join the organization and secure its underlying rounds of financing. During his residency at Wilson Sonsini, David worked with a wide assortment of innovation organizations to assist them with overseeing complex exchanges, for example, mergers, acquisitions and introductory open contributions. David earned his bachelor’s qualification in history from Santa Clara University and his JD from Stanford Law School. Patrick Pichette Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Patrick Pichette is Google’s CFO. He has about 20 years of involvement with budgetary tasks and the board in the media communications segment, including seven years at Bell Canada, which he participated in 2001 as official VP of arranging and execution the executives. During his time at Bell Canada, he held different official positions, including CFO from 2002 until the finish of 2003, and was instrumental in the administration of theâ most broad interchanges arrange in Canada and its continuous relocation to another national IP-based foundation. Before joining Bell Canada, Patrick was an accomplice at McKinsey and Company, where he was a lead individual from McKinsey’s North American Telecom Practice. He likewise filled in as VP and CFO of Call-Net Enterprises Inc., a Canadian broadcast communications organization. Patrick has been an individual from the directorate of Amyris, Inc., a manufactured science organization, since March 2010, and serves on its Audit Committee and Leadership Development and Compensation Committee. He additionally serves on the leading body of Trudeau Foundation. Patrick earned a bachelor’s certificate in business organization from Universitã © du Quã ©bec à Montrã ©al. He holds a master’s certificate in theory, legislative issues and financial aspects from Oxford University, where he went to as a Rhodes Scholar.

How Long Does It Take to Become a Psychologist

How Long Does It Take to Become a Psychologist Student Resources Careers Print How Long Does It Take to Become a Psychologist? By maliafreyme.com Updated on January 08, 2020 More in Student Resources Careers APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips When considering a career in psychology, you will likely wonder how much time it will take to become licensed and what type of degrees youll need to attain. The answer is not always so cut-and-dry. The amount of time it takes to complete your college education depends largely on your specialty area and career interests. In most cases, becoming a licensed psychologist can take as little as eight years or as long as 12 years. If you are considering a career in psychology, it is important to be aware of all of the educational and training requirements it takes to become a licensed psychologist. Take the time to research all of your options and carefully examine your goals before you decide if this is the right career for you. Illustration by Joshua Seong, Verywell Educational Requirements At a minimum, you will want to earn your undergraduate  degree in psychology  or in a related field such as sociology, education, anthropology, or social work.?? Then, you will want to decide if you want to earn a doctorate-level degree. The reason you should make a decision at this point is due to the fact that many programs do not offer a terminal masters degree in psychology. In such cases, you will enroll in a graduate program after earning your bachelors degree and then spend four  to seven years working on your doctorate. To become a clinical psychologist, you will need an undergraduate degree (four to five years of college) plus a doctorate degree (four  to seven years of graduate school). For this specialty area, most people will spend between eight  to 12 years in higher education. Of course, there are other career options in psychology that do not require as many years of college. For example, you could become a  licensed marriage and family therapist  with a masters degree, which would require two  to three years of graduate study. If you decide not to pursue a doctorate at this point, you should start looking at different masters degree programs in psychology or in related fields such as counseling or social work. Bachelor’s Degree You might want to begin by earning your undergraduate degree in psychology, but some people choose to pursue a degree in a related social science field. While it depends upon the requirements of the individual graduate school you attend, some programs also accept students who have undergraduate degrees in a subject unrelated to psychology or social science. If you have a degree in a different field and want to become a psychologist, you may need to complete a number of prerequisites before you would be accepted into a graduate program. Master’s Degree A master’s degree can be a great way to delve deeper into a specific field of interest. However, a master’s degree is not always necessary. If you are interested in what is known as a terminal master’s degree in a field such as counseling, social work, or school psychology, you can often enter the workforce immediately after earning your degree. In other cases, you might use your master’s degree as a stepping stone toward a doctorate, or you might choose to forgo a master’s program and go directly into a Ph.D. or PsyD program immediately after earning your bachelor’s degree. The path you take depends largely on your career goals as well as the graduate offerings at the school you choose to attend. Doctorate Degree The length of your doctoral program depends on many factors including the specialty area you are pursuing as well as whether or not you already earned a master’s degree. In order to become a licensed psychologist, you will need to earn either a Ph.D. (Doctor of Philosophy) or a Psy.D. (Doctor of Psychology). As with your masters degree, the doctorate degree you pursue really depends on your career goals. If you are interested in a career in research, a Ph.D. might be the best choice. Ph.D. programs place greater emphasis on research, experimental methods, and training graduates to work as scientists. If you are more interested in professional practice, consider a Psy.D. The Psy.D. option tends to be more centered on professional practice and clinical work, preparing graduates to enter careers in mental health. The American Psychological Association recommends that you enroll in an accredited program. Accreditation provides public notification that an institution or program meets certain standards of quality.?? In addition to your doctorate, you will be required to complete a year-long postdoctoral training period before you can be fully licensed to practice in your state. Minimum Degree Requirements Becoming a licensed psychologist working in the field of mental health is certainly not the only career option if you are interested in working in the field of psychology. Licensing requirements for psychologists vary by state.?? Careers in forensic or sports psychology, for example, have differing requirements. Please note that these represent the minimum educational requirements in these fields. Job opportunities and pay are generally greater with advanced training. Learn about different degree options and requirements for various careers in psychology. Social worker: Bachelors degree (four  to five years of undergraduate school)Licensed counselor: Masters degree (two  to three years of graduate school)Sports psychologist: Masters degree (two  to three years of graduate school)Industrial-organizational psychologist: Masters degree (two  to three years of graduate school)School psychologist: Varies by state (generally two  to three years of graduate school)Forensic psychologist: Masters degree (two  to three years of graduate school, ideally with a doctorate degree)Criminal psychologist: Masters degree (two  to three years of graduate school, ideally with a doctoral degree)Clinical psychologist: Doctorate degree (four  to seven years of graduate school)Health psychologist: Doctorate degree (four  to five  years of graduate school)Social psychologist: Doctoral degree (five  to seven years of graduate school)Child psychologist: Doctoral degree (five  to seven years of graduate school) A Word From Verywell Becoming a psychologist  requires a substantial commitment of time, but this can be a rewarding and challenging career. Before you decide if becoming a psychologist is the right choice for you, consider your goals and resources as well as some of the potential alternatives. There are many different types of mental health professionals. You might find that being a psychologist is the perfect choice for you, or you may find that an alternative career path is better suited to your needs. For example, you might also consider becoming a psychiatrist, counselor, physical therapist, or some other career centered on helping people. There are also a number of types of psychologists and each field has its own educational and training requirements of which you should be aware. 9 Highest Paying Psychology Careers

Understanding Division Of Labor

Division of labor refers to the range of tasks within a social system. This can vary from everyone doing the same thing to each person having a specialized role. It is theorized that humans have divided labor since as far back as our time as hunters and gatherers  when tasks were divided based mainly on age and gender.  The division of labor became an important part of society after the Agricultural Revolution when humans had a food surplus for the first time. When humans werent spending all of their time acquiring the food they were allowed to specialize and perform other tasks. During the Industrial Revolution, labor that was once specialized was broken down for the assembly line. However, the assembly line itself can also be seen as a division of labor.   Theories About Division of Labor   Adam Smith, a Scottish social philosopher, and economist theorized that humans practicing division of labor allows humans to be more productive and excel faster. Emile Durkheim, a French scholar in the 1700s, theorized  that specialization was a way for people to compete in larger societies. Criticisms of Gendered Divisions of Labor Historically, labor, whether inside the home or outside of it, was highly gendered. It was thought that tasks were meant for either men or women and that doing the work of the opposite gender went against nature. Women were thought to be more nurturing and therefore jobs that required  caring for others, like nursing or teaching, were held by women. Men were seen as stronger and given more physically  demanding jobs. This kind of labor divide was oppressive to both men and women in different ways. Men were assumed incapable of tasks like raising children and women had little economic freedom. While lower class women generally always had to have jobs the same as their husbands in order to survive, middle-class and upper-class women were not allowed to work outside the home. It wasnt until WWII that American women were encouraged to work outside the home. When the war ended, women didnt want to leave the workforce. Women liked being independent,  many of them also enjoyed their j obs far more than household chores. Unfortunately for those women who liked working more than chores, even now that its normal for men and women in relationships to both work outside the home, the lion share of household  chores is still performed by women. Men are still viewed by many to be a less capable parent. Men who are interested in jobs like preschool teachers are often viewed with suspicion because of how American society still genders labor. Whether its women being expected to hold down a job and clean the house or men being seen as the less important parent, each is an example of how sexism in the  division of labor hurts everyone.

What is a T4, or Statement of Remuneration Paid

Definition: A T4, or a Statement of Remuneration Paid, is an information slip prepared and issued by an employer to tell you and the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) how much employment income you were paid during a tax year and the amount of income tax that was deducted. Use T4s in preparing and filing your Canadian income taxes. Other T4 tax information slips include: T4A - Statement of Pension, Retirement, Annuity, and Other Income T4A(OAS) - Statement of Old Age Security T4A(P) - Statement of Canada Pension Plan Benefits T4E - Statement of Employment Insurance and Other Benefits T4RIF - Statement of Income From a Registered Retirement Income Fund T4RSP - Statement of RRSP Income For more information on T4s, see T4 Tax Slips. For an overview and index of the most common income tax slips, see T4s and Other Canadian Income Tax Slips.

Degree of Globalisation of Ford Motor Company Free Essays

string(140) " and have had to adapt to the different approaches these firms take to vehicle development and to forming and aintaining supplier linkages\." The Automotive Industry Global vehicle production has more than doubled since 1975, from 33 to nearly 73 million in 2007. The opening of new markets in China and India has helped to drive the pace of growth. While seven countries accounted for about 80% of world production in 1975, 11 countries accounted for the same share in 2005. We will write a custom essay sample on Degree of Globalisation of Ford Motor Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now ( Starkey,K. McKinlay, A 2007: 89) Lead firms in the automotive industry, known as automakers or original equipment manufacturers, carry out most aspects of product design, the production of most engines and transmissions and nearly all vehicle assembly within their own facilities.They are large employers, traders and innovators. They have substantial coordination and buying power in the chain. The automotive industry is distinctive because of its extremely concentrated firm structure: a small number of giant companies exert an extraordinary amount of power over smaller firms. Eleven lead firms from three countries, Japan, Germany and the USA, dominate production in the main markets. The global scope of both lead firms and the largest suppliers was enhanced by a wave of mergers and acquisitions, and equity-based alliances in the 1990s.A second distinctive feature specific to the automotive industry is that final vehicle assembly, and by extension, parts production, has largely been kept close to end markets because of political sensitivities. Market saturation, high levels of motorisation and the tendency for automakers to ‘build where they sell’ have also encouraged the dispersion of final assembly, which now takes place in many more countries, than it did 30 years ago. (Maxcy, G Silberston, A. 1959:15) ? Industrialisation of the auto industry The production of automobiles in volume began in the early 1890s, in Western Europe.The USA started the production of both electric and gas automobiles by 1896. In 1903, Ford stepped in. According to Starkey,K. McKinlay, A the price of cars reduced from USD 850 in 1908 to USD 360 in 1916. The great depression and the World Wars saw a drop in sale; but the 1950s and 1960s were the glorious era for automobiles (driven by Ford, GM and Chrysler). Starkey,K. McKinlay, A (2007:90) argues that production reached 11 million units in 1970. Starkey,K. McKinlay, A further indicates that international business in the automobile industry dates back to the technology transfer of Ford Motor Company’s mass-production model from the U. S. to Western Europe and Japan following both World Wars I and II. This gives rise to two important trends. The first one is that, the advancements in industrialization led to significant increase in the growth and production of the Japanese and German automotive markets. The second important trend was that due to the oil embargo from 1973 to 1974, the export of fuel efficient cars from Japan to the U. S. Earlier due to low fuel prices, US was producing ‘muscle cars’ but after the oil price shocks US had to compete with Europe and Japan who succeeded in producing fuel efficient cars. For the first time, design, marketing, prices, customer satisfaction etc become important in the automobile market. By 1982, Japan became the world leader in US market. The potential growth opportunities led to global overcapacity in automobile industry. 1990s observed the merger and acquisition (M;A) and formation of strategic alliances to tackle this overcapacity problem. Increasing global trade also act as a major factor for rising growth in world commercial distribution systems, which has also increased the global competition amongst the automobile manufacturers.Japanese automakers have instituted innovative production methods by modifying the U. S. manufacturing model. They are also capable of adapting and utilizing technology to enhance production and increase product competition. Starkey,K. ; McKinlay, A(2007:75) argues that the rising competition and increasing global trade are the major factors in improving the global distribution system and has forced many auto-giants such as General Motors, Ford, Toyota, Honda, Volkswagen, and Daimler Chrysler, to shift their production bases in different developing countries which help hem operate efficiently in a globally competitive marketplace. ? Globalisation of the automotive industry Firms globalize when they attempt to integrate key day-to-day functions on a global scale, such as component sourcing, vehicle development, new model introduction (the Big Three’s investments in Mexico are a good example). From a geographic point of view, the world automotive industry is in the midst of a profound transition. Since the mid-1980s, it has, like many other industries, been shiftin g from a series of discrete national industries to a more integrated global industry. Global integration embeds firms in larger regional and global-scale systems of production, consumption, innovation, sourcing, command and control. These global ties have been accompanied by strong regional structures at the operational level. (Sturgeon, T. ; Florida, R. 2000:17) Market differences sometimes require automakers to alter the design of their vehicles to fit the characteristics of specific markets (e. g. , right vs. left hand drive, more rugged suspension and larger fuel tanks for developing countries, pick-up trucks for Thailand and Australia, etc. ).While many vehicles are designed with global markets in mind, an increasing number are developed with inputs from affiliated regional design centres, where designers and engineers help to tailor vehicles to national and regional markets. But, since the early 1990s, outsourcing has led to the creation of large global suppliers, which have taken on a more extensive role in the areas of design, production and foreign investment. The largest 20-30 suppliers have shifted the balance of power away from leading automakers, although in a very partial and incomplete way.Globalisation has created two classes of suppliers in the automotive industry, global and local. In the past, lead firms either exported parts to offshore assembly plants or relied on local suppliers in each production location. Today, a new class of supplier has been added, the global supplier (Sturgeon and Lester, 2004). This trend has expanded the field of customers for many large suppliers to the automotive industry. Vickery, G(1996:17) argues that most of the top suppliers now serve US, European and Japanese lead firms and have had to adapt to the different approaches these firms take to vehicle development and to forming and aintaining supplier linkages. You read "Degree of Globalisation of Ford Motor Company" in category "Papers" Lead firm globalisation has also meant globalisation for suppliers, as demands for local production are now often part of winning contracts. ? Global integration of the automotive industry Ball, D. A. et al (2000:10) argues that there are three major global integration trends of world automotive industry global market dynamics, establishment of global alliances, ; industry consolidation: Global Market Dynamics – The world’s leading automobile manufacturers cont inue to invest into production facilities in emerging markets in order to reduce production costs and therefore rise in profits. These emerging markets include Latin America, China, Malaysia and other markets in Southeast Asia. Establishment of Global Alliances – Now-a-days, there is trend of joint venture in global automotive industry. Most of the giant automobile manufacturers are merging with each others. The big three U. S. automakers (GM, Ford and Chrysler) have merged with, and in some cases established commercial strategic partnerships with other European and Japanese automobile manufacturers.Industry Consolidation – Increasing global competition amongst the global manufacturers and positioning within foreign markets has divided the world’s automakers into three groups, the first group being GM, Ford, Toyota, Honda and Volkswagen, and the two remaining group manufacturers attempting to consolidate or merge with other lower group automakers to compete with the first group companies. The automobile industry is typically considered to be at the forefront of globalization.Evidence supporting this view includes: †¢the intricate network of alliances and cross-shareholdings among automobile companies, within nations and regions but also between regions †¢intensified M;A (mergers and acquisitions) activities in the 1990s, involving both end-producers and automotive input suppliers (PricewaterhouseCoopers 2000); †¢the trend towards technologically motivated cooperation agreements, which was caused, inter alia, by end-producers entering into new forms of partnerships for the design of principal components and subsystems (UNCTAD 1998: 25 f. ; †¢and the significant role of intra-firm trade, e. g. of US-based automobile multinationals (UNCTAD 1999: 443). Sturgeon, T. ; Florida, R. (2000:9) further argues that a greater degree of global integration in the automotive industry has developed at the level of design, as global firms have sought to leverage design efforts across products sold in multiple end markets. The work of vehicle design and development continues to be concentrated in, or near, the headquarters of lead firms.In addition, suppliers of parts have taken on a larger role in design and have established their own design centres close to their major customers to facilitate collaboration.? Brief Ford background Few companies are as closely identified with the history and development of industry and society throughout the 20th century as Ford Motor Company. Ford Motor Company entered the business world on June 16, 1903, when Henry Ford and 11 business associates signed the company’s articles of incorporation.As with most great enterprises, Ford Motor Company’s beginnings were modest. With $28,000 in cash, the pioneering industrialists gav e birth to what was to become one of the world’s largest corporations. With the company’s first sale came hope—a young Ford Motor Company had taken its first steps. The company went public and, on Feb. 24, 1956, had about 350,000 new stockholders. Today, with about 300,000 employees and 108 plants worldwide, the company’s core and affiliated automotive brands include Aston Martin, Ford, Jaguar, Land Rover, Lincoln, Mazda, Mercury and Volvo.Its automotive-related services include Ford Motor Credit Company. They are currently headquartered at Dearborn, Michigan (US), and distribute automobiles, including cars and trucks, in 200 markets spanning six continents. Perhaps Ford Motor Company’s single greatest contribution to automotive manufacturing was the moving assembly line. The line proved tremendously efficient, helping the company exceed the production levels of their competitors by a sizeable amount—and making the vehicles more affordable.The company is beginning its second century of existence with a worldwide organization that retains and expands Henry Ford’s heritage by developing products that serve the varying and ever-changing needs of people in the global community. ? Challenges of Ford The United auto workers union continues to be a major challenge for Ford and the automotive industry at large. The challenge for the last century has been employee satisfaction which leads to constant strikes throughout the corporation. Managers have been battling with employees and unions on keeping wages, hours, and retirement plans fair.Ford initially faced UAW resistance and was only able to gain the union’s cooperation after management had put the work in to create a shared understanding of the extent of the transformation required To overcome the organizational challenges, they launched initiatives to help diffuse new process innovations across the company. (Starkey,K. ; McKinlay, A 2007:8) Ford is currently spending a large proportion of their earnings on health care for their retirees as compared with newer automakers.In the past, Ford has offered generous plans to attract workers to its plants, but no one thought about what would happen when these workers got to the age of retirement. Well, that time has arrived and the company is facing a difficult future as these costs of retirement continue to rise Currently Ford is burdened with health care and pension costs of as much as $1,500 per vehicle in competing with foreign-based companies and have sought tax relief from Congress to alleviate this disadvantage.Ford is unfairly burdened in competing with both imports and domestic production from foreign-based automakers by their own rising pension and health care costs. Ford spent $2 billion on retiree health care in 2004, By comparison, Toyota’s employees in Japan are switched from the company health care plan to a national health care syste m within two years of retirement; the company is thus responsible currently for retiree health care coverage of only 3,000 persons in Japan (Treece, B. J 2005:26) Secondly, increasing global competition is changing the environment facing most companies today.As trade barriers fall and transaction costs decline, new global competitors are entering previously more isolated domestic markets. In response to this intensified competitive pressure, local companies are pushed to enhance performance by innovating and adopting process and product improvements. Global competitors have established efficient operations in the US and earn much of their worldwide profit in the US market. The Japan-based OEMs (primarily Toyota, Honda, and Nissan), with their superior â€Å"lean production† process, were able to produce higher quality vehicles at lower cost.This competitive challenge was the most crucial driver of higher productivity as the Big Three were forced to respond by introducing their own versions of lean production. At the same time, the Korea-based OEMs competed on low cost, intensifying price pressure in the small car segment, and the German- (and Japan-) based OEMs provided a strong challenge in the luxury and performance segments. This three-pronged competitive threat took market share from the Big Three and put pressure on their profitability. Grimm, B. rgues that the problem is Ford’s key product — its gas-guzzling sport/utility vehicles — is seeing declining demand that has forced the company to step up the cash-back offers needed to maintain sales. That should not have been a surprise, given rising gasoline prices that are not expected to moderate because of a shortage of refining capacity. But Ford has not responded effectively to sudden market changes. Instead of introducing new vehicles to fit new market conditions, it has tried to keep sales of unpopular vehicles strong through ever-increasing financial incentives.It is very unwise for a high-cost producer to lead a price war. The result was financial loss accompanying market share loss to more cost-effective foreign competitors Thirdly, the automotive industry in the US is also strongly affected by regulation. Concerns about safety, fuel economy, and emissions have resulted in a complex and changing regulatory environment. Vehicles and parts imported into the US market on average face a very low tariff, while foreign direct investment is allowed, and even encouraged More to that, is the challenge of overcapacity.According to the Wall Street Journal, the industry is capable of building nearly 86 million vehicles a year, about 30 million more than will be sold this year. And by 2015 the industry will only get to 85 percent of capacity utilization. Ford is no exception. Its worldwide capacity tops the 8 million level, and sales are about 7 million. So it should close factories it doesn’t need. The automobile industry has been plagued by mass overcapacity and has been in decline for decades. In addition the rivalry among the competitors is very strong is this industry.The major competitors are so closely balanced that it increases the rivalry. In order to gain market share in the automobile must gain market share by taking it from their competitors. One of the other reasons there is such high rivalry is that there is a lack of differentiation opportunities. All the companies make cars, trucks or SUV’s. The competitors are compared to one another constantly. The price, quality, durability, and many other aspects of different manufacturers are greatly taken into consideration when deciding what type of vehicle to purchase. When the different manufacturers advertise they even compare their products to their competitors. For example, the commercials will focus on areas where the company outperforms its competitors. Another challenge to Ford in the context of global competition is rising material costs. Raw materials include rubber, glass, steel, plastic, and aluminium. Over the past few years, the cost of raw materials has increased significantly, mostly due to the price increase of oil and natural rubber. According to the U. S. Bureau of Labor, from June 2007 to June 2008, the prices of steel-mill products increased 30. percent (a sharp spike, but minimal compared to the 105. 6 percent cost increase of crude petroleum). Iron and steel scrap prices increased 96. 9 percent during that time period, while diesel fuel jumped 85 percent. The Bureau of Labor predicts that in light of the growing worldwide demand for products such as steel and petroleum-driven by India, China and other surging economies-it is unlikely prices will decrease much, if at all, anytime soon. Some suppliers want automakers to pay an extra 10% to 20% when renewing contracts because of rising steel prices. Automakers are balking, demanding instead that suppliers find ways to cut costs. If automakers accept the price increases sought by suppliers, the likely impact is $100 to $200 a car. Because of intense sales competition, automakers would be unlikely to pass that increase on to buyers, further draining profits already hurt by customer incentives. Product Differentiation Key to Ford’s Survival in the Competitive Automotive industry Porter, M. E (1980:35) argues that in the context of formulating a competitive strategy, firms can decide between cost leadership, focus, or product differentiation strategy.In my view Ford needs to continually differentiate their products from their competitors. Product differentiation as the prefered option is a business level strategy in which firms attempt to create and exploit differences between their products and those offered by competitors. These differences may lead to competitive advantage if customers perceive the difference and have a preference for the difference. Successful product differentiation will mean that customers have a preference for the Ford’s products and these customers’ preferences will lead them to pay a premium price for the Ford’s products.Porter, M. E (1980:38) further argues that the notion of a base of differentiation is important because it allows the firm to focus its efforts on creating and exploiting a particular difference between its products and competitors’ products. Everything from tangible product characteristics to abstract intangible concepts like national or regional pride could potentially be a base of differentiation. A successful product differentiation strategy for ford will include the appropriate implementation of the strategy with respect to organizational structure, management controls, and compensation policies.Differentiation primarily impacts performance through reducing directness of competition: As the product becomes more different, categorization becomes more difficult and hence draws fewer comparisons with its competition. A successful product differentiation strategy will move Ford’s products from competing based primarily on price to competing on non-price factors (such as product characteristics, distribution strategy, or promotion variables) Ford is justified to use differentiation strategy because its most highly valued attributes will become commodity features over time.To combat that loss of advantage or uniqueness, Ford needs to be continually developing new value and benefits in existing products or services and/or developing new products and services to remain in a market leader position. Another justification for this strategy is cost leadership imposes severe burdens on the firm to keep up its position and Focus will not be an effective strategy because of the stiff competition that is present in the world automotive industry needs the flexibility that product differentiation strategy offers.Conclusions Fordism was instrumental in the mass production revolution ; internationalisatio n of the automotive industry. International business in the automobile industry dates back to the technology transfer of Ford Motor Company’s mass-production model from the U. S. to Western Europe and Japan. The automotive industry is at the forefront of globalization. The world automotive industry is in the midst of a profound globalisation transition.Currently the three major global integration trends of world automotive industry are Global Market Dynamics, Establishment of Global Alliances Industry Consolidation Ford has many challenges it faces in competing globally. These are labour representation by the united auto workers union, very high health care and pension costs, foreign competitors, strong rivalry between competition, overcapacity, too much regulation rising material costs And lastly product differentiation is a key strategy for Ford’s survival in the competitive automotive industry. ?References jhtml†http://www. pwc. com/gx/en/automotive/index. jhtml How to cite Degree of Globalisation of Ford Motor Company, Papers

Differences when communicating with adults free essay sample

Explain the main differences when communicating with adults, young people and children: Explain the mall differences when communicating with adults, young people and children: The mall differences between communicating with a child, young person or adult is our tone of voice, body language, facial expressions, gestures and the vocabulary we use. We need to adapt these depending on the age, needs or ability of the person we are speaking too.If we are communicating with a small child we may do this by either playing a game, eating a story, using silly voices or playing with toys or puppets. When communicating with a young person this is done differently as we would need to adapt our tone of voice, and the words and phrases we use as a young person has a more varied vocabulary. We need to ensure that we allow a young person to vocalizes Ideas and feelings as they can do this In a greater depth. We will write a custom essay sample on Differences when communicating with adults or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We can give a young person more complex Instructions and they can also appreciate Jokes and word play. We can read more complex things with a young person such as poetry or factual books. We can discuss past events allowing them to give detailed accounts with varied expression and emotions. With regards to communicating with an adult this would be done slightly differently as we would normally do this by having a conversation face to face or by telephone, going out to a social event together or by testing or maybe email. We also need to consider the differences when communicating with anyone from a different culture or social background.This is because some words or phrases that may be acceptable to one community may not be acceptable to another. We need to always be aware who Is around us to prevent us from causing offence. We need to be aware that the way we communicate may not be acceptable to everyone for example if someone was communicating using offensive language and the other person replied with the same language then this would not cause offence, but If they said this to some one who does not use offensive language then this may upset them.